Modernization Of The Middle East - 1965 Words

At the start of the 18th century, Middle Eastern countries witnessed their Eastern neighbors being overtaken by Western Europe and were faced with a choice: to pick apart or to be picked apart. It was from this dilemma that defensive developmentalism emerged in the Middle East. Empires such as the Ottomans, Persia, Tunisia, and Egypt began the process of centralizing their authority in order to assert effective control over their populations. The chief goal of defensive developmentalism for these empires was to assert their autonomy, whether that be autonomy from the Ottomans in the case of Egypt and Tunisia, or from outside imperialists in the Ottoman Empire and Persia. In order to accomplish these goals, defensive developmentalists undertook extensive reforms to establish their empires as relevant worldwide powers. Defensive developmentalists adopted extensive reforms in order to accomplish their goal of asserting their autonomy over outside forces. As the chief worry for these empires was outside penetration, military restructuring became an essential aspect to their reform. A centralized, organized military gave empires the ability to do the picking apart, or at the very least prevent from being picked apart. These modern armies were built on the basis of population, which introduced the policy of conscription to the Middle East. Coupled with military restructuring was bureaucratic reform, or a shift from mediated to unmediated states. By centralizing their authority,Show MoreRelatedStony Brook 386774 Words   |  4 Pages2) What was the role of tribes in the rise and fall of dynasties in the Middle East according to Ibn Khaldun?- According to Ibn Khaldun the rise and fall of the dynasties in the middle east can be directly correlated to the different social structures that tribes would em brace. Which will lead to a better military structure. Compare and contrast the organization of the Arabian tribes with that of the Turko-mongolian tribes of inner asia? The Arabian and turk0- monoglian had some similaritiesRead MoreModern State Of Affairs : The Arab And Persian Worlds1257 Words   |  6 Pagesprocesses of modernization. The reasons for these changes were not always for the Westernization of the state but rather for the adoption of selected European innovations, however, judicial practices and environmental interactions during this era of transformation were thoroughly disrupted in what was a disorienting and tumultuous experience for the people of the Middle East. The continuous changes caused by modernity brought about a cultural renaissance that would see the people of the Middle East searchingRead MoreThe Economic Development Of The Middle East1565 Words   |  7 PagesThis economic modernization in the Middle East, could only be a short term success which does not guarantee the successful and stable economic devel opment of oil rich states and the region as a whole in the long term. The Middle East, despite its vast reserves of oil, is still considered a developing region due to the high reliance on oil revenues and rather weak production sector of the economy as well as due to some political factors such as lack of democracy, corruption, reluctance to the reformsRead MoreDoes Modernization Mean Westernization?662 Words   |  3 Pages The east and the west try to trump one and other as each hemisphere tries to maintain its culture and dominate the majority. Just as the fight to be modern king continues, the west and east continue to outdo each other in different aspects. The concept of modernization means an evolution from traditional society practices to modern social status. Modernization has brought transformation to societies that has been experienced thought the corse of history. The term modernization has unfortunatelyRead MoreWestern Culture And Policies That Have Shaped The Moder n World1523 Words   |  7 PagesWestern culture and policies have shaped the modern world, especially the Middle East, in many ways. Since the sixteenth century, the nations of Western civilization have been the driving wheels of modernization. Globalization is simply the spread of modern institutions and ideas from one high power to the wider world. Technological innovation and economic growth along with such concepts as democracy, individualism, and the rule of law administered by an impartial judiciary, set Western societiesRead MoreNationalist Movements of the Middle East and South Asia after WW11065 Words   |  5 PagesOne brought about vast changes to many parts of the world. Places like South Asia and the Middle East were able to see the need for self government away from foreign control. This sparked a number of nationalist movements during the 1920’s and 1930’s. The Middle East had to Westernize to rid foreign control while India had to be united under non -violence and Hindu values. Before WW1, the Middle East was dominated by outside powers. Egypt was under British control and Persia was divided inRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Public Sphere On The Middle East1322 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 19th century the Middle East found themselves with a problem of establishing an identity or nationalism. Through defensive developmentalism the Middle East had sought to counter the imperialistic approach of the West, yet still begin to modernize their land. The world was developing rapidly and the Middle East wanted to ensure that they did not fall behind. However, the approach backfired and the Middle East found themselves struggling to establish their own modern identity and fallingRead MoreSummary Of The Looming Tower By Lawrence Wright1574 Words   |  7 Pageson September 11, 2001. The text included the personal accounts of Osama bin Laden and other middle-eastern influences such as Dr. Ayman al Zawahiri (the most significant ideological frontrunner of al- Qaeda), Abdullah Azzam, Khallad, and Sayyid Qutb, along with western factors like, Daniel Coleman, Jack Cloonan, Patrick Fitzgerald, and John O’Neill. The choices made by those influencers in the Middle East, and in the west, during the 20th century created the climate in which the terrorist organizationRead MorePolitical Science : Islamic Modernism1166 Words   |  5 PagesEurope. This was the result of European trade missions during earlier centuries that had propagated Western technology and modernization. There was a large shift of power due to the declining Ottoman Empire, which led to an essential subordination of Muslims because of Western technology and modernization. This subjugation by Christian empires led Muslims of the Middle East to question their own beliefs as well as their aspirations, making many wonder whether the success of Western occupation wasRead MoreThe Role Of Role During The Middle Eastern Modernity953 Words   |  4 PagesName Tutor Name Date The Role Played by Europeans in Middle Eastern Modernity The term modernity is widely used to refer to various changes in cultural and social norms that occurred in post-medieval Europe. The concept includes different but interrelated historical and cultural events that impacted politics, human culture, and social institutions. In simple words, modernity can be referred to as the aspect of being up to date, usually characterized by a contemporary way of thinking or living. The

The Group Islamic State Of Iraq And Levant - 927 Words

The group Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) is a jihadist group predominantly active in the Middle Eastern countries of Iraq and Syria. In addition, the (ISIL) group is also attempting to gain authority over other countries in the neighboring region of Turkey, Jordan, Israel, and Iran. The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant’s expansion is fueled by political aspirations legitimized through fundamentalist Sunni views of religion. They claim that they are a religious movement that will establish once and for all, a universalist Islamic identity under the supreme leader, Al-Baghdadi who has self-proclaimed the title of Caliph, the rightful political and religious ruler of the universal Ummah. These actions have unleashed a wave of new violence against minority, ethnic, and religious groups as well as the beheading of several Western journalists and citizens. Their methods of coercion and violence are aimed at the fragmented political and religious groups trying to make sense of a regional sectarian conflict that has claimed millions of lives and displaced millions more into refugee sanctuaries. Furthermore, their movement is a response to Western political ideologies that have imposed political, social, and cultural norms that are inconsistent with Islamic religious views. First, through the Colonialist experience, and later through post-colonial, Cold War, post- Cold War and post 9/11 events. In my opinion, the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant is trying to accomplishShow MoreRelatedIslamic State Of Iraq And The Levant Red Cell Analysis1685 Words   |  7 PagesIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant Red Cell Analysis The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has single handedly furthered the evolution of terrorism. This is a new type of terrorism that is not easily defined or visible. The Islamic States new form of terrorism has developed social unrest across the world and has undoubtedly inspired a new generation of extreme Islamic sympathizers to join the their cause and fight to accomplish their agenda of cultural cleansing. In order to repel the IslamicRead MoreAre We At War With Terrorists?833 Words   |  4 Pages Are we at war with terrorists? What about the â€Å"Global War on Terrorism†? That sure was a catch phrase in the early 2000s. Don’t we currently have troops in Iraq and Syria? Aren’t we at war with ISIL? All of the answers to these questions are very complicated. We are not currently, legally, at war with ISIL. But why aren’t we? I thought we were dropping tens of thousands of bombs on Raqqa? On September 18th, 2001, Congress enacted the â€Å"AUMF†, Authorization for the use of Military Force.Read MoreIslamic State Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesThe Islamic State, also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria is a salafi- Jihadist militant organization that is present in both Syria and Iraq, but has affiliates in various other countries, their goal is the establishment and expansion of a caliphate. A Caliphate is an Islamic State that is led by a caliph, which is a Chief Muslim civil and religious leader. The Islamic state has disrupted international security with the violence, terrorism. The Islamic State origin can be trace its rootsRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And Al Sham943 Words   |  4 Pages The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham is a terrorist organization that began as Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Since Al-Sham can mean Syria or the Levant, media and governments usually refer to them as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL); some use the derogatory name Daesh in order to avoid recognizing the group’s claims. The Islamic State declared themselves a caliphate with Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi becoming Caliph Ibrahim. He claims authority over allRead MoreIslamic State Of Iraq And The Levant1782 Words   |  8 PagesIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant Terrorism, what is it and is this a new phenomenon? No, terrorism is not a new 21st century issue. Terrorism actually dates back to biblical times and has haunted nations and their citizens much like it has here in the United States of America. The history of terrorism is as old as humans willingness to use violence to affect politics. The Sicarii were a first century Jewish group who murdered enemies and collaborators in their campaign to oust their RomanRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant1894 Words   |  8 Pagesoldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.† Choosing the topic of ISIS/ISIL, which are the Islamic State of Iraq Syria / the Islamic State of Iraq the Levant, was an easy choice because in truth, I know very little about the terrorist groups within these Islamic States. I, along with seventy percent of Americans, fear the rise of the IS and would consider them the number one threat to American interests (Telhami). Through furtherRead MoreIt Is Extremely Difficult To Define What Terrorism Is,1204 Words   |  5 Pagesterrorist groups are often able to coerce their desired result because they leave the people and the authorities of the regions they attacked in fear. In the years after September 11th 2001 the United States waged a war on Iraq that was described as Operation Iraqi Freedom which was meant to rid Iraq of all weapons of mass destruction and help it rebuild its army. This war ended up not helping Iraq in the ways that the United States had hoped, instead, the United States’ involvement in Iraq and nowRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1211 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction ISIS is a terrorist group threat that has grown within the subject of the War on Terror taking place within the nation of Iraq and surrounding areas. ISIS is the acronym for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. It is also sometimes know as ISIL, because sometimes, â€Å"Syria†, is replaced with the term, the Levant. At a certain level, one gets the impression that ISIS just emerged from nowhere. Body The organization was not a presence in Iraq when the United States was actually engaged in full-scaleRead MoreThe Islamic State Of Iraq And The Levant1439 Words   |  6 PagesISIS is known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and was formed in 1999 by member Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. ISIS was originally from al-Qaeda, another terrorist group, but this group mainly was a small insurgent group in Iraq in 2006 and would help assist in the Syrian Civil War in 2013. They took Iraq in October 2006, then Levant in April 8, 2013; however, they would then be separated from al-Qaeda because of the war between ISIS and Jabhat al Nusra. In 2015, ISIS would then be considered asRead MoreThe Islamic State Is No More A Collection Of Psychopaths1716 Words   |  7 PagesISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The Obama administration prefers the term ISIL which means the Islamic State in Levant. The term Levant literally means the rising; in reference to the land where the sun rises. However, many western news have decided to switch and call the group by the name Islamic State. ISIS finds its roots after the invasion in 2003 of Iraq by the United States. â€Å"ISIS is a Sunni jihadist group born in 2004 in Iraq. Known at the time as a cell of al-Qaeda - Al Qaeda

Creating Work Plan for Construction Project

Question: Discuss about theCreating Work Plan for Construction Project. Answer: Introduction: Purpose: The project is inclined towards the goal of setting up a resort and spa by the Salamander International Group. The key for achieving the purpose is vested in the expansion of the organization in the domain of hospitality (Arar et al., 2015). Timeline: The project has to be completed within a time span of four years. The timeline for the project has been categorized into distinct phases of planning, construction, interior and exterior designing and finishing. Highlights: The project is pertaining to establishment of Salamander resorts and spa as an extension of the share of Salamander International Group in the domain of hospitality. The resort is intended to provide the apt vacation destination to individuals all around the world with an artistic and extravagant perspective to holidays. The design of interiors and aesthetics in the resort would be conceived in accordance to global standards so that a multifaceted customer base can be satisfied (Fabricant, Miller Stark, 2013). The project plan is intended to convey the primary responsibilities assigned to each department, the illustration of the construction projects milestones and the resources required for completing the project (Healy, 2014). The major constraints observed in the project are primarily indicative of the time and financial resources which can be utilized to frame certain changes in the project plan. Objectives: The construction project is characterized by the presence of three major milestones. Apart from the planning phase, the key objectives of the project are realized in the foundation, structural and finishing phases. These three phases can be considered as individual milestones for the project. The foundation of the resort is estimated to be 36 inches below slab on grade and it would consist of concrete spread footings (Nielsen et al., 2013). The next milestone is achieved in the structural building of the resort i.e. steel framing and concrete framing for distinct sectors of the resort. Finally the finishing is the last milestone which is primarily concerned with integration of additional features such as furniture and custom designed fixtures which can demand considerable amount of time (Johnson, 2015). Project Phase Major Tasks Timeline Responsibilities Requirement of resources The key concerns addressed for catering the goals of the project include references to resource planning, estimation of project requirements, additional costs. The milestones of the project are realized beyond the scope of planning. Therefore the planning acquires the first place as a milestone for the project. This stage involves collection of information from stakeholders including investors and partners of Salamander International Group. The prime activities which need to be executed in relation to each project milestone can be illustrated through identification of gaps in present operations. The floating period available to each department owing to the lack of resources or any other influencing conditions has to be supervised by the senior management personnel. The project must be inclined towards developing a financial estimate which can provide a lucid interpretation of the feasibility of the project. Stakeholder survey is a productive resource to acquire information about the prospects of benefits for each individual involved in the project including the contractor, the construction agency, the planning department and the Salamander International Group. The project can also assume resources from the internet for the project which can assist in expediting the process. The individual milestones identified for the project are foundation, structural construction and finishing. Therefore the construction agency has to divide the milestones into specific timeframes which would enable the easy monitoring of project milestones. The foundation part of the project is estimated at one year owing to the magnitude of the resort and the availability of excavation holes which were of the appropriate footing size. The structural construction of the resort was also estimated at one year which was characterized by the distinct framework design for basement and the first floor. The use of concrete and steel framings distinctly would serve as an appealing addition to the resort. Finally, the finishing is estimated at two years which involves integration of new changes in the exterior and interior designs of the resort. The responsibilities are characterized in a hierarchical order and illustrate the roles of different elements of concerned agency in the project. The general contractor of the agency Astro constructions holds the authority in the construction project after the planning phase. The planning phase involves civil engineers, architects and structural engineers. The general contractor supervises other contractors such as Electrical contractor, concrete contractor and HVAC contractor. The resources required for the project include financial resources, time resources and human resources. The estimated budget for the project which was presented by the parent organization is $40 million and the human resources are required in the form of different contractors and supervisors of individual groups of construction workers. References Arar, M., Behm, M., Boni, O., Gal, R., Goldin, A., Ilyaev, M., Kermany, E., Reysa, J., Saleh, B., Schubert, K.D. and Shurek, G., 2015, November. The Verification CockpitCreating the Dream Playground for Data Analytics over the Verification Process. InHaifa Verification Conference(pp. 51-66). Springer International Publishing. Cease-Cook, J., Fowler, C. and Test, D.W., 2015. Strategies for creating work-based learning experiences in schools for secondary students with disabilities.Teaching Exceptional Children,47(6), p.352. Fabricant, F., Miller, J. and Stark, D., 2013.Creating Career Success: A Flexible Plan for the World of Work. Cengage Learning. Healy, K., 2014.Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Johnson, J., 2015. Creating Digital Cultural Heritage Collections in an Urban Academic Library Setting. Nielsen, K., Stage, M., Abildgaard, J.S. and Brauer, C.V., 2013. Participatory intervention from an organizational perspective: employees as active agents in creating a healthy work environment. InSalutogenic organizations and change(pp. 327-350). Springer Netherlands.

Minimum Wage Law

The road to war essays

The road to war essays On March 19, 2003, United States and British forces began military operations in Iraq. While addressing the nation about the purpose of the war on the day the bombing began, President George W. Bush said, The people of the United States and our friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder. In order to grasp a better perception of the situation in Iraq, it is necessary to understand and examine some of the key figures and events leading to our current occupation of Iraq. Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, had the notorious distinction of being the worlds best known and most hated Arab leader, who was willing to sacrifice his own country rather than relinquish power in Baghdad. His invasion of Kuwait triggered a United States response resulting in Operation Desert Storm in the early 1990s. The September 11th attacks on US soil led the United States into the war on terrorism, which later brought attent ion to the violation of UN regulation in Iraq. Through out this paper I hope to reflect how Saddam Hussein, Desert Storm, and the terrorist attacks on 9-11 all led us to our current conflict with Iraq. Saddam Hussein, the man who became known as the enemy of the Western world, was born on April 28, 1937, in a village just outside Tikrit, Iraq. Although his parents were poor farmers, Hussein was inspired by his uncle Khayrallah Tuffah, an Iraqi army officer, to pursue a career in politics. In 1956, at the age of 19, he joined the Arab Baath Socialist Party (A.B.S.P.) and attempted to assassinate Iraqi Prime Minister Abudul Karim Qassim three years later in 1959. During this failed attempt, Hussein was shot in the leg and was forced to flee the country for several years in order to avoid a death sentence. Hussein first escaped to Syria then to Egypt, where he completed his secondary schooling in 1962. He was admitted into the...

The Evolution of IBM Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolution of IBM - Case Study Example The competencies thus shifted away from technical quality and towards knowledge, experience and personnel expertise (Carlson). The emphases was on focus, speed, customers, teamwork and execution. The company was centralized, global core processes were standardized, metrics were redesigned, and the focus was on the marketplace and the customer (Carlson). How would you describe Louis Gerstner’s implementation style of IBM’s competitive strategy in the early 1990s? The implementation style of IBM’s corporate strategy was focused upon streamlining the operation and cutting costs. IBM cut its workforce to a low of 220,000 employees in 1994, and used other cost reductions for the company. This was half of the competitive strategy. The other half was that Gerstner recognized that the company should continue to provide integrated solutions. The previous idea was that IBM would divide into separate companies that emphasized separate competencies. The idea was that IBM could bundle and customize solutions for customers, packaging hardware, software and services together in a customized bundle (Carlson). Because IBM was centered around an idea, as opposed to a certain technology, it was able to adapt to changing business climates that occur when new technologies arise, and the magazine The Economist states that companies who are rooted in a philosophy, not a product, are the companies who will be around in 100 years (â€Å"The Test of Time,â⠂¬  2011). ... Because IBM was centered around an idea, as opposed to a certain technology, it was able to adapt to changing business climates that occur when new technologies arise, and the magazine The Economist states that companies who are rooted in a philosophy, not a product, are the companies who will be around in 100 years (â€Å"The Test of Time,† 2011). The company also dropped low margin industries, such as personal printers and hard drives. Its focus was on high profit margin businesses, with a focus on becoming a technology integrator. It also acquired the management consulting and technology services arm of Pricewaterhouse Cooper, which was a boon for its services division (Carlson). What are the implications of the globally integrated enterprise model for marketing managers in the Australia and New Zealand subsidiary of IBM? The implications are that, even though the New Zealand and Australian marketing managers are working for a subsidiary of IBM, they will have to adhere to the corporate ethos of IBM. Moreover, they will be controlled by the centralized unit of IBM, and the products and services that they will be producing will be products and services which are approved by centralized management at IBM. The values, processes and shared services will be those of IBM. It appears that IBM has abandoned the strategy of having parents and children in the corporate sense, and more that each of the offices around the world are a part of IBM, and not independent. Discuss the elements of the marketing strategy that makes IBM successful in today’s global marketplace. One of the important elements of the marketing strategy is that IBM integrates production and value delivery worldwide, while depending upon state borders less

ERP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ERP - Essay Example Everything that one can manage in an organization will be a business function; however, everything that one can perform will be a business process. Moreover, a business function can comprise different business processes; however, a business process will never consist of business functions, and will only comprise more business processes. Furthermore, a business process will always have an input component, as well as an output section that make it a process. In the past, conventional organizations were focusing on functional departments for the management; however, studies indicated that a number of business processes usually cut across functional lines internally that resulted in a paradigm shift, essential for efficient managers, and thus, managers are now putting efforts to manage their teams while focusing on business processes, rather than business functions. One of the crucial reasons of split by business process is involvement of various departments and individuals in a single process that results in cutting across of functional lines. It is an observation that this horizontal focus on business processes has enabled efficient managers to improve their processes while ensuring customer value in the organization, a significant benefit of this paradigm shift. Think of the last time you bought a pair of shoes. How does this process of buying those shoes cut across the store’s various functional lines? What information from your receipt would need to be available to the business functions? Which business functions would need that information? A significant objective of ERP is alignment of business projects/processes with strategic aims of the organization. In other words, major aim of implementing ERP is the enhancement and improvement of key metrics that requires proper flow of information from one functional department to another, and this is