The Software Piracy Problem in China :: Technology

The Software Piracy Problem in China1. The truth Software buccaneering at issue in China.Surprisingly, software system counterfeiting has such a profitable global market that organized criminal groups utilize the proceeds from software counterfeiting to endure for terrorist operations overseas, according to Brad Smith, Microsoft general counsel international. 1 Even though most people nowadays are aware of pi appreciated software either from various news medium, or by seeing illegal software copies distributed among friends or students in their personal PCs, it would still be a shocking detail that, in the year 2000, software companies estimated that they lost $12 billion in revenue because of counterfeiting. Thats 15% of the industrys $80 billion in worldwide sales.2Although software plagiarisation is undoubtedly a global issue, people have been paying special attention to this issue in China. The truth is that, even though the plagiarism rate is increasing worldwide and th e rate rose in 2000 to 37% from 36% in 1999, which means 37% of the software sold is estimated to be fake, the software piracy rates in China are up to 92% in 2002 according to Business Software Alliance (BSA). 3 Compare to China, in U.S. the average piracy rate by states is only 25.1%. Software piracy has different types. BSA identifies five common types as follows.4 First, end user piracy. It occurs when a company employee reproduces copies of software without authorization, including using one licensed copy to install a program on multiple computers, or copying disks for installation and distribution, etc. Second, client-server overuse. It occurs when too many employees on a network are using a central copy of a program at the selfsame(prenominal) time. Third, Internet piracy. This occurs when software is downloaded from the Internet where the same purchasing rules should apply to online software purchase as for those bought in traditional ways. Fourth, Hard Disk loading. It occ urs when a business that sells new computers loads illegal copies of software onto the hard disks to make the purchase of the machines more attractive. Finally, Software Counterfeiting. This type of piracy is the illegal duplication and sale of secure material with the intent of directly imitating the copyrighted product. In China, most of the software piracy is conducted as the type of Software Counterfeiting. Street gangs selling pirated software can be easily seen in colour in market anywhere in China. 2. Who is able to protect your software right? The government?

KOSOVO PEACE ACCORD :: essays research papers

Kosovo Peace Accord Kosovo is the southern province of Yugoslavia and is spread over an argona of approximately 4300 miles of the two million population, 90% are Muslims and 10% are Serbs. The Muslims had been demanding independence for the past few years but the Yugoslavian President Slobodan Milosovic played the butchers role by shelling and destroying valleys of the Albanian Muslims. The Serbs, below his orders, committed heinous crimes, which included gang rapes of Muslim women and torturing thousands of Kosovers to death.The world condemmed Serb atrocities but Milosovic was unmoved and continued his brutal behavior. When the situation got worsened, the European Council and the NATO took a honorable note of it. NATO threatened Yugoslavia with airmanship strikes if Milosovic did not come to terms. Peace dialogue were arranged in France and draft of the tranquillity Agreement was prepared. The Kosovo Albanians signed an international stay plan in 1999 but Milosovic did not si gn it, and consequently NATO gave March 24, 1999 as the deadline to Milosovic to sign the peace plan failing which Yugoslavia would face NATO air strikes.NATO started its air strike when Milosevic failed to sign the peace accord by March 24, 1999. It bombed civil and military targets all over the Yugoslavia, which included military installations, oil refineries, ammunition stores, airfields, communicate and T.V. Stations etc. These air strikes continued for 79 days till 10 June 1999, but during this period, the Serb atrocities continued, which forced about half the Muslim population (Muslim Albanians) to commit Kosovo and seek refuge in Albania and Macedonia. Apart from supporting NATO, the United Nations also helped the refugees by providing them food and shelter. The NATO strikes inflicted heavy damages upon Yugoslavia, which forced Milosovic to accept the international peace plan.With the acceptance of the peace plan by Belgrade, the 79 days NATO bombing was temporarily suspend ed on 10 June 1999. Simultaneously the Serb troops were withdrawn, and NATO and Yugoslavia military commanders held talks in Macedonia to implement the peace terms. The Serb troops were replaced by the UN peacekeeping force (KFOR) thus, began the "Operation Joint Guardian" aiming at the return and rehabilitation of Kosovo refugees in Kosovo. It was a huge and challenging task as the province of Kosovo was badly damaged due to the war. The UN Security Council, on 10 June 1999, had adopted the peace plan for Kosovo by 14-0 votes which asked for the replacement of the Serb forces by the 50,000 peace-keeping force (KFOR) in Kosovo.

I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land Essay -- essays research papers

I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land expectant jams are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a panic in today&8217s society. The poem by James Joyce, &8220 I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, contains evidence of a threatening force. The threatening force in this poem is punk shake off kids at a punk rock show.Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime typesetters case of one is when he says &8220 Arrogant, in black armor. He is talking most kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks threatening. Seeing tribe in leather jackets is scarey, especially when society has trained us to think back that black is a sign of . We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out alike a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says &8220 in black armor, it is a threatening force of punk rock.Punk rock is a very firm estimate of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, &8220 Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil. This is aphorism how he feels that the handcuffs that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often see a loud noise ... I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land Essay -- essays research papersI Hear an Army Charging Upon the LandThreatening forces are every where we look in life. Almost anything could be considered a threat in today&8217s society. The poem by James Joyce, &8220 I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, contains evidence of a threatening force. The threatening force in this poem is punk rock kids at a punk rock show.Threatening forces are very apparent in this poem. A prime example of one is when he says &8220 Arrogant, in black armor. He is talking about kids in leather jackets. It is there way of proving they are punk and it looks t hreatening. Seeing people in leather jackets is scary, especially when society has trained us to think that black is a sign of . We have been trained to think that anything that stands out is scary and people in black leather jackets stick out like a sore thumb. Obviously, when James Joyce says &8220 in black armor, it is a threatening force of punk rock.Punk rock is a very firm theme of this poem that is supposed to be menacing. This is established when it says, &8220 Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an anvil. This is saying how he feels that the chains that the kids wear are frightening. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is intimidating. When people who wear chains run the often make a loud noise ...

Essay on the Setting in Shakespeares The Tempest -- Tempest essays

Importance of Setting in The Tempest Shakespeares enchanted island in The Tempest is a restorative pastoral setting, a lay where no firearm was his own and a place that offers endless possibilities to the people that arrive on its shores. Although the actual location of the island is not known, the worlds of Seneca aptly pick up its significance to the play it represents the bounds of things, the remotest shores of the world. On the boundary of reality, the island partakes of both the natural and supernatural both the imaginative and the real. It allows the exploration of both mans potential and his limitations, his capacity for reform through art and his affinity for political and sociable realities. It is constructing this opposition between art and reality and in big(p) Shakespeares romance the freedom to explore mankind free from the concerns of everyday life that the setting of The Tempest is crucial to its overall dramatic design. The save scene in the play that does no t take place on the island is the opening tempest scene. It is in itself an important use of setting. It hints at the fact that the characters social assumptions will capitulate when exposed to adversity we have the boatswain apparently inappropriately comment none aboard the ship that I love much than myself. In fact, quite the reverse is true. In the court scene we are presented with the characters Antonio and Sebastian who are interested in political gain despite the predicament in which they find themselves. In this respect the setting functions to present the idea that our social terminusing transcends time and place. The inference is that if political clambering can take place on an enchanted island in the middle of now... ...gic and music. The contrast between the representative characters and the magic art of the island does not resolve itself, rather, it leaves the audience in what Russ McDonald called a marginal condition between expectation and understanding, affirma tion and skepticism, comedy and tragedy. The setting functions to present the worlds of both art and reality in order to affirm the transcendent benignant desire for power and order, as well as affirm the world of art as a means of dealing with reality. Bibliography/ Works Cited Meller, A., Moon, G.T. Literary Shakespeare (1993) Sydney law Publications Lecture on The Tempest (1988) C. Holmes Shakespeare, W. The Tempest. Ed. Sutherland, J.R. (1990) Mikhail M. Morozor, (1989)The Individualization of Shakespeares Characters through Imagery, Shakespeare Survey.

Jacksonian Democracy Essays -- essays research papers

capital of Mississippiian DemocracyJacksonian (Democracy, Society, etc.) is a term used to describe illuminate during the time of Andrew Jacksons Presidency. specifically Jacksonian Democracy refers to the general extension of democracy that characterized U.S. politics from 1824 to 1828. Jacksonian Democracy and its support came primarily from the lower classes as a rebellion of sorts apposing the aristocracy. change surface though it stressed equality, it was pro-slavery and anti-Indian (not unlike Andrew Jackson). Also there was change in both the political parties and the social reforms. Jackson was seen as a westerner (even though he was from Tennessee) and a president of the common man. This we can see when he married women out of the lower classes and the upper class was astonished. Also, Jackson had opened the snow-clad house to everyone on his inauguration day.During his time in office Political parties changed their names and were affirmed. Earlier when the term party wa s looked upon with similar meaning as faction, it delineated a sort of selfishness and contention over unanimity that wasnt needed in the government. The Democrats and the Whigs were the new names of the parties. The Whigs grew from the Republican Party and the Democrats form the Anti-Federalists. What brought this change were frugal booms and downturns that had characterized the 19th deoxycytidine monophosphate economy. Also Missouri Compromise (when Missouris proposed constitution admitted for slavery and to balance the states Maine was admitted as a free state)had a passel in bringing about the parties when a group of politicians (of whom Martin Van Buren was apart of) that were organized in a coalition for states rights and limited government that would be ulterior supported by Andrew Jackson also they help support Jackson for the presidency of 1828, they were known as the Democrats. Parties were also essential because they gave the Common man (which Jackson was all about) the power to compete (sort of) with the wealth, education, and social connections of the traditional leaders (fun?). The Whigs stood for Government controlled commercial development that incorporated what was called the American System, and wanted a high responsibility that would benefit the North and its factories rather than the European competition, which meant more funds for the national governme... ... points in social reform from Jacksonian Democracy was abolition. The logic was that social reform also applied to slavery and almost more than any other institution. The reasoning behind this was that slaves resisted their own enslavement. Slavery was opposed in the 18th century by Quakers and few other whites, even though the American Revolution with its rhetoric about equal and universal rights called slavery into serious question. The Northern States abolished it and the southern slave owners (upper south mind you) thought about liberating slaves. However it wasnt until the 1830s that a number of middle class Norteos (northerners) began to demand immediate freedom of slaves for their incorporation as equals in the Republic. Just as other social reforms had taken root with mostly radical Norteo Whigs, abolitionism soon found its office to them. This was a basis for the middle class revivals of the 1820s and 1830s.In closing this is what Jacksonian democracy incorporated pretty much any reform that happened within the rustic during Andrew Jacksons presidency.Source Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2005. 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Jacksonian Democracy Essays -- essays research papers

Jacksonian republicJacksonian (Democracy, Society, etc.) is a term used to describe reform during the age of Andrew Jacksons Presidency. Specifically Jacksonian Democracy refers to the general extension of democracy that characterized U.S. politics from 1824 to 1828. Jacksonian Democracy and its support came primarily from the lower straines as a rebellion of sorts apposing the aristocracy. Even though it stressed equality, it was pro-slaveholding and anti-Indian (not unlike Andrew Jackson). Also there was change in both the political parties and the social reforms. Jackson was seen as a westerner (even though he was from Tennessee) and a president of the common man. This we can see when he married women out of the lower classes and the upper class was astonished. Also, Jackson had opened the white house to everyone on his inauguration day.During his time in office Political parties changed their names and were affirmed. Earlier when the term party was looked upon with uniform m eaning as faction, it represented a sort of selfishness and contention over unanimity that wasnt needed in the government. The Democrats and the Whigs were the new names of the parties. The Whigs grew from the Republican party and the Democrats form the Anti-Federalists. What brought this change were economic booms and downturns that had characterized the 19th century economy. Also Missouri Compromise (when Missouris proposed constitution admitted for slavery and to balance the states Maine was admitted as a free state)had a hand in bringing about the parties when a group of politicians (of whom Martin Van Buren was apart of) that were organized in a coalition for states rights and bound government that would be later supported by Andrew Jackson also they help support Jackson for the presidency of 1828, they were known as the Democrats. Parties were also subjective because they gave the Common man (which Jackson was all about) the power to compete (sort of) with the wealth, educa tion, and social connections of the traditional leaders (fun?). The Whigs stood for Government controlled commercial development that incorporated what was called the American System, and wanted a high tariff that would benefit the North and its factories rather than the European competition, which meant more funds for the national governme... ... points in social reform from Jacksonian Democracy was abolition. The logic was that social reform also applied to slavery and almost more than whatever other institution. The reasoning behind this was that slaves resisted their own enslavement. Slavery was impertinent in the 18th century by Quakers and few other whites, even though the American Revolution with its rhetoric about equal and universal rights called slavery into serious question. The Northern States abolished it and the Southern slave owners (upper south mind you) thought about liberating slaves. However it wasnt until the 1830s that a number of middle class Norteos (north erners) began to demand immediate emancipation of slaves for their incorporation as equals in the Republic. Just as other social reforms had taken root with mostly radical Norteo Whigs, abolitionism soon found its way to them. This was a basis for the middle class revivals of the 1820s and 1830s.In closing this is what Jacksonian democracy incorporated pretty much any reform that happened within the country during Andrew Jacksons presidency.Source Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2005. 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

History of Golf Essay

The word golf has originated from Dutch word colf. It is translated as club in English. golf was often referred to as spel metten colve meaning a back up with clubs in the medieval ages. On Dec. 26, 1297, in Northern Holland, the commoners compete the game of colf to celebrate the Kronenburg Castle. Colfers or golfers can also be seen in the Dutch artistic production of that time period. According to legend, golf confidential informationted when shepherds near St. Andrews started hitting round stones into the rabbit holes using their wooden crooks.Another group presents the theory that Scottish fisherman diverted themselves with this game when they returned from their boats. Roman emperors in the days of Caesar played a golf like game called Paganica which involved hitting a feather filled hunk and a stick. A similar game was played by the Celtics called the Shinty and the people from Laos played Khi. The origins of the game are still debated by many countries simply it is ge nerally assumed that the Scots in the Middle Ages were the first addicts of golf.Scots throw away made the biggest contribution because they refined the game completely. However, all countries have contributed to making the game what it is today. China, England, Rome, Belgium, Laos all had a game or two in history which used sticks and balls. In 1338, territories were marked in Germany by hitting pebbles with crooks. The great the distance covered by the pebble the larger the territory owned by the Shepherd. According to the Dutch historian, Steven J. H. van Hengel, Golf originated from the games of Chole and Jeu de mail.The game of golf has existed for much than 500 years. It can be traced back to the times of James II of Scotland. He banned golf on March 6, 1457 because it interfered with archery practice which was badly take in times of war. In the year 1603 the golf enthusiast and Scottish Baron James VI introduced the game to the English. For countless years the game was pl ayed on uneven, rough land with no lush greenery and simple holes were dug in the ground. King Charles I endorsed this game and popularized it in the 16th century. objet dart studying in France, Mary Queen of Scots also introduced Golf to the French people. The term caddie is French for the word cadets. It was intended for the queens helpers or the French Military. The period between 1750 and 1850 has been very important in the history of Golf. During this era, many young golfers were discovered and clubs were formed. Allan Robertson, the first popular golf star was discovered during this time. In 1843, a very important contest took place between the best players which included Willie Dunn and Allan Robertson.Golf grew further during the 1848-1852 period because of many real events that took place turning the game from local to global. The Gutty Ball introduced in this era drastically changed how golf was played. Tom Morris, the greatest exponent of Gold was also born(p) during th is time. The oldest golf course recorded in history is The Old Links at Musselburgh Racecourse. Mary, Queen of Scots played on this course in 1567. No golf society or club was formed before 1744. Some golfers from Edinburgh joined together finally in 1744 to form the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. galore(postnominal) years later St. Andrews Golfers was formed and the name was changed in 1834 to Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews. In 1888, Golf became increasingly popular in get together Stated. A Scottish man named John Reid constructed a three hole course near his home in New York. The same year he constructed a golf course on a 30 acre site and formed the St. Andrews Club of Yonkers. The game took off from these humble beginnings and soon became a depicted object sport. The next century saw the arrival of more than thousands of golf courses and clubs all around the United States.Through the years better equipment has helped to change how the game is played. Sin ce the nineteenth century, we have seen technologically advanced mowers and the introduction of newer golf ball designs and metal shafts. Wooden shafts have been completely replaced today. The golf ball has also evolved through the years. Golf was first played with a feather filled leather ball. These balls were relatively expensive which is why it was comm yet played by the Royals. In 1848, Rev. Dr. Robert Adams Paterson made a ball using packing material of Gutta Percha.This ball enhanced the pleasure of playing golf. However, many golfers realized that nicked balls had better flight as opposed to equable gutta balls. Hence the balls became uneven textured. Today, Golf has broken all boundaries and is played by almost every nation. Talent is emerging from Sweden, Taiwan, Japan etc. Perspectives regarding Golf have also evolved thanks to young golf stars such as Tiger Woods. It is no longer considered a boring game or played only by the elite older generation. Golf is loved and ad ored by millions around the world.

Analysis of statement that “acquiring foreign companies creates shareholder wealth and helps reduce many risks” Essay

The above narrative discusses risk reduction as a benefit of eruditenesss. I leave behind split the statement into two parts one that discusses the reduction of risks by dint of with(predicate) acquisitions, and the opposite which explains the creation of sh atomic number 18holder riches through acquisitions. The first part of this statement tummy be explained through the various pee-pees of risk that are reduced repayable to acquisitions. bingle major risk that is reduced through acquisitions is the risk from competitors, through acquiring a fair merchandise share. It is effortful for firms which invest through greenfield strategies to attract clients from the existing competitors.This is because a pertly firm has to prove its performance to clients sooner it plenty succeederfully attract clients from the endue competitors. This is a move that takes time, since the clients have to analyze the products of new firms before the firm shag gain the requirement free grace to attract new clients. However, acquisitions alter firms to use the blessing of the firm that has been acquired to retain the existing clients or share of the market. The market associates the new firm, in this case TPS union Plc, with the brand name of the firm that has been acquired, and if it had favorable good exit, the new firm will have less problems in retaining the existing clients, as healthy as attracting new clients from the competitors.An example of a firm that has undergone a successful acquisition process and enjoyed this benefit is Tata Steel of India, which acquired Corus of Netherlands. Before sealing of this deal, Tata Steel Company had to undergo a long and costly process of bidding, which was estimated to cost about $13.7 billion. However, this process paid off aft(prenominal) Tata steel benefited from among other things, the market share of Corus Company. In fact, after the acquisition, Tata steel moved from being the fifty-sixth producer of steel gl obally, to the fifth part position (ICFAI C throw in for Management Research 2007 8).The second risk that is reduced through acquisitions relates to the statistical distribution channels. A new firm has to create new distribution channels that are effective enough to gain a share of the market. This is challenging since the present competitors already use the best distribution channels available. A new firm faces the risk of reduction of sales due to inferior distribution channels. However, acquisitions enable new firms to stumble use of the already existing distribution channels of the firm that has been acquired. This enables the new firm, in this case, TPS Connection Plc to penetrate the market more intimately through the use of the existing distribution channels of the firm that has been acquired. The Tata Steel acquisition that has been discussed above benefited Tata from Corus European distribution channels, and this is among the factors that made it gain a gravid share of the market.The third risk that can be reduced through acquisitions relates to the costs of market research. A new play along has to effectively study the market it is penetrating so that it can have full information on the products to manufacture, the pricing system, modes of advertising among other qualities of the market. This is an expensive process, and if not done efficiently, it might contain to the inability of a new firm to penetrate the existing market.Due to the high nature of the costs, this might be inhibiting to firms which do not have the necessary resources and technology. However, in cases of acquisitions, for instance by TPS Connection Plc, the company that is being acquired already has valuable information on the market segmentation and trends. It therefore becomes relatively easier for TPS company to penetrate the market utilize the available information from the acquired company. It is important to note that nonetheless, TPS has to do research on its own, but this will be less difficult and will consume lesser capital as compared to a scenario where it was implementing a greenfield investment.another(prenominal) risk that is reduced is the systematic risk that may occur in certain parts of the realism, or certain markets. For instance, there is currently conflict that is going on between Palestine and Israel. The largest brunt of the war is felt by Palestine, and it can be verbalize that firms in this country are facing a systematic risk. Firms in this country with interests in irrelevant countries can be said to have reduced their risk through diversification. They can rely on the profits from the foreign firms in a period like this, when their profits are prone to decreasing. This is one risk that an acquisition reduces, and TPS Connection Plc should use an acquisition as a form of entering the Chinese and Indian markets in tack to reduce the systematic risk through diversification.Creation of wealth through acquisitions.There ar e several companies that have undertaken acquisitions which have proved to reduce risks and better the wealth of shareowners. Hindalco is one such company, and it acquired Novelis Inc, which is a company that deals with aluminum and is based in Canada. Since both companies had a large market presence, the combination of resources, distribution channels, goodwill and market share ensured that Hindalco built a genuinely strong market presence. This presence is felt in almost all continents of the world.Creation of shareholder wealth is achieved through the following benefits of acquisitions. The first benefit is greater value generation, and this means that a company that undertakes an acquisition or merger is potential to achieve higher(prenominal) value as compared to both individual firms. This is explained by the fact that a company that undertakes an acquisition is more likely to generate a higher shareholder value that is much larger than the total number of shares of the indi vidual companies.Another benefit that arises from acquisitions and which is likely to append the wealth of shareholders is the gains in market share. This benefit can be well illustrated when a firm is facing challenges in the market. In such a scenario, an acquisition especially by another firm which has a strong presence in the market, is likely to make the weaker firm experience greater levels of cost efficiency and competitiveness. In this case, there are two beneficiaries to the acquisition the weak company benefits from elimination of its market problems, while the joint company benefits from a larger share of the market.A third benefit of an acquisition which is lucid with the wealth creation goal of a company is the cost efficiency gain. This benefit is realized through economies of scale benefits that are realized from acquisitions and mergers. Such benefits admit ease of raising capital, sharing of resources by both firms, advancement of discounts from bulk purchases am ong other benefits. Other benefits include increase in production due to the acquisition, which then leads to the reduction of the production costs of individual units. Increase in efficiency can overly be achieved through sharing of technology. In the Hindalco acquisition, this firm gained very useful technology from Novelis Inc., which some experts estimate would have taken a decade to develop.The fourth benefit that can be attributed to the acquisitions and mergers is the reduction in the memorial tablet costs. This occurs due to the sharing of established resources between the two firms. For instance, when a firm enters a new market through an acquisition, it does not spend much funds setting up the different departments that are needed for operations. Instead, a firm will use the existing departments of the new firm that is being acquired.A fifth benefit of an acquisition which TPS Connection Plc would enjoy is the increase in global presence. When this firm acquires a compa ny which has a strong brand name, its presence will be felt in the market, which would attract more clients to the company. When Hindalco, an India based company acquired Novelis, a large Canada based aluminum company, this increased the global presence of the author (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2007 6). This was achieved through combining the strengths of the two companies and their distribution network, thereby ensuring that it had a presence in almost all continents of the world. All these benefits every help to increase revenue or decrease costs, which is consistent with the goal of a company of increasing the wealth of the shareholders.Assessment of the decision to invest using FDI.The decision to invest in these countries using FDI is borne out of the benefits that are present in this form of investment. This decision arises out of many factors that are present in the countries where these companies seek to invest. For instance, when TPS Connections Plc is assessing the type of investment to undertake when penetrating the Chinese and Indian markets, it will be guided by some factors. Some of these factors include the macroeconomic conditions of these markets, such as the benefits that foreign investors gain. Other factors include the nature of the competition and the available forms of financing. However, in totality, some of the main factors that make FDI a favorable form of investment are discussed belowThe first earth originates from the fact that nation states usually encourage FDI in their countries. This is due to several benefits that such states reap from the FDI. One benefit includes the increase in revenue for the host country. In any country, economic growth is increased through investments. This increases the purchasing power of residents of the country due to the increase of incomes attributable to economic growth. The increase in purchasing power leads to the increase in demand for services and goods produced within the country, and this also increases revenue for the brass. The government increases revenue due to the tax paid from the products as well as consumer spending and wages.The second benefit attributable to FDI in the host country is the increase of capital available for investment. This especially useful to Least Developed Countries which do not have sufficient capital to invest in large projects. FDI also helps local investors to acquire the currency needed for the purchase of investment resources. These benefits create export opportunities thereby increasing the total capital that is available for local investment.Another causation that makes host countries encourage FDI is the increased employment opportunities that are associated with this type of investment. Worldwide, multinationals employ over 55 trillion people designately, and another 10 million indirectly. Greenfield foreign investments create the most employment opportunities, especially the creation of new industries. However, acq uisitions and mergers have been known to cause redundancies due to reduction or retraining of employees. FDI can also lead to reduction of employment levels if weak local industries are forced to shutdown due to competition from foreign players.A third reason which leads to encouragement of FDI by countries is the introduction of technology and new skills. Most multinationals invest in other countries due to the superior technology that they possess, which makes their products more competitive than those of their competitors. This is achieved through increased efficiency and quality of products due to technology. This benefits the host country by making its products more competitive in the global market.Finally, there are other spillover effects that benefit the host country, and some of them include linkages between local firms and multinationals. Competition between local firms and multinationals enables the local industries to produce higher quality products. Since the foreign fi rms export some of the products that are produced to home countries, the host country benefits from foreign exchange. FDI also encourages the development of infrastructure either by the government or by the investors, which is a long term benefit to the host country.All these are reasons which make countries encourage FDI. When TPS Connections Plc is entering the Chinese and Indian markets, the two countries are likely to encourage FDI for similar reasons. They already have laws that encourage FDI and an infrastructure that supports the same. For instance, the Chinese labor laws keep the cost of labor cheap, thereby encouraging investment by Hong Kong multinationals. Other benefits include the strong economic growth and open door policies that seek to attract foreign investors. These are benefits that TPS Connections Plc seeks to gain from. It is therefore beneficial for TPS Connections Plc to enter these markets and enjoy a favorable macroeconomic environment. This will ensure that costs are reduced and sales maximized in order to boost profits.Another reason why TPS Connections Plc should undertake FDI in its entry to the Chinese and Indian markets is to tap the existing potential in the two markets. China is the largest country in the world in terms of population, and this shows that there is a huge potential in terms of the market size (Easson 2004 23). As previously discussed, its macroeconomic environment favors FDI, a fact which leads to half of the exports in China being attributed to FDI by firms. The large market size when combined with the favorable macroeconomic environment highly favors the success of foreign investors who invest in these two countries. TPS Connection Plc should therefore take favour of this factor to invest in these countries through FDI.Labor is also relatively cheap in both of these countries and FDI would enable both countries to reduce the cost of production, which would ultimately increase efficiency and hence profitability . This strategy is consistent with the comparative advantage theory which states that companies should specialize in what they can easily produce better than their competitors.In this case, access to cheaper labor would have be beneficial to TPS Connections Plc, since it would reduce costs, and make its products cheaper than those of its competitors. One multinational that has effectively used this strategy is the Unilever Company. This company has branches in different parts of the world, due to the need of having access to raw materials as well as cheap labor. This company has concentrated its labor intensive operations in Asian countries due to the availability of cheap labor, especially from countries such as India. This has enabled this company have an edge over its competitors, and it is currently among the biggest global producers of foodstuffs and household products.In assessment of the above factors, I would highly recommend the entry of TPS Connections Plc to the Indian an d Chinese markets through FDI, since this will be beneficial not only to TPS Connections Plc, but also to the Chinese and Indian economies. Since this move is beneficial to both the economies, these two countries are likely to make the entry process faster and relatively easier, as compared to the situation that would have been present if the entry would adversely affect the providence of the two countries. This would also enable this company to reap the benefits of globalization through the transfer of technology from the parent company to its subsidiaries and vice verse.Bibliography.Easson, E. J. (2004). Tax incentives for foreign direct investment. New YorkKluwer Law International, p 23.ICFAI Center for Management Research. (2007). Hindalcos Acquisition of Novelis. Retrieved on January 5, 2009 from , p6.ICFAI Center for Management Research. (2007). Tata Steels acquisition of Corus. Retrieved on January 5, 2009 from www.tata.com, p8.

A well run business Essay

J. B. Priestley An Inspector Calls is a play set in 1912 in the Birlings family dining room. It was written in 1945 and set in Brumley. It features a typical affluent upper class family who own a well run business. The play starts with a small family celebration in which the daughter, Sheila Birling, is acquire engaged to Gerald (a business man of the same class). The head of the family, a very prominent opinionated man, makes several toasts to the couple and lectures them more or less his knowledge of the world. Everything is going cosily until an unexpected visitor turns up on the Birling familys doorstep.Its a very sleek, mysterious inspector. The Inspector brings news of a young misss suicide. The Birling Family and Gerald first deny all connections with the suicide until the inspector rigorously questions each one of them and their shameful secrets are revealed. One of the reasons why J. B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls has remained popular is because there is some hope for t he younger generation. During most of the play the atmosphere is depressing, drab and sad. The play is based on the inspector accusing each member of helping with the suicide of the young girl.The family all concentrate on how its not their fault. They try to blame it on each other and remain in a haze of selfishness. Towards the end of the play the younger generation, mostly Sheila, rise above this haze and look at the consequences. Sheila says But youre forgetting one thing everything we said had really happened and if it didnt end with the girls suicide, then lucky for us. But it might have done. Sheila rises above the dilemma and tries to turn the investigation of the inspector from a depressing and pointless conversation to a well learned lesson.During this Mr and Mrs Birling seem not to care about their harsh involvement with the girl. The younger generation care more and are deeply affected with their participation of the suicide. During An Inspector Calls both the childre n argue with their parents. Eric accuses Mr Birling as Not the kind of father a chap could go to when hes in trouble. Mr Birling disagrees sternly with Eric and makes a point that he has treat him more than fairly. Mr Birling argues back with Your trouble is that you have been spoilt.

A Book Review of Native Son by Richard Wright

Strong interest in Wrights life, his work, and his influence continues in the 1980s and 1990s, although with not quite the same emphasis as in the preceding four decades. The focus of attention has shifted somewhat, with studies of Wrights political vision diminishing and analyses of his craftsmanship and literary sources increasing.The great majority of scholars and critics during this period are in general agreement about the centrality of Wrights position in African-American letters and his great importance in American and modern traditions, although some reappraisal of a negative sort has also developed, especially among those expressing dissatisfaction with Wrights portrayal of female characters.And with the publication in 1991 of the Library of America editions of Wrights major work, the critical response to Wright has entered an important bare-ass phase in which fundamental questions are now being raised about which texts are the most authentic representations of Wrights actu al intentions and which texts are highest in literary quality.Wrights achievement in autochthonal Son was not only to project the experience of American black people, in all its raw brutality tho also to form it into a rich, coherent, balanced vision of life. Wright attracted in some ways to Western culture because of its tradition of Enlightenment rationalism that promises political license to oppressed people. Wright was deeply suspicious of other aspects of the West, especially its history of racism.Although characters like Bigger doubting Thomas are initially described as alienated from both self and community, they experience genuine selfhood and become a participant in the life of the spirit by establishing kinship with others. I envision Bigger Thomas as caught between these two opposite qualities of Western culture, for he is both victimized by Western racism and also achieves selfhood in a very Western way through revolutionary will, individualism and self consciousness (p. 311).The slum conditions of the South Side so vividly portrayed in Native Son had been the daily reality of a decade in Wright life ( 1927- 1937). He had lived in a cramped and dirty flat with his aunt, mother, and brother. He had visited hundreds of sympathetic dwellings while working as an insurance agent.The details of the Chicago environment in the novel have a verisimilitude that is almost photographic. The Ernies Kitchen Shack of the novel, located at Forty-Seventh Street and Indiana Avenue, for example, is a slight disguise for an actual restaurant called The Chicken Shack, 4647 Indiana Avenue, of which one Ernie Henderson was owner. Similar documentary accuracy is find throughout the book.Wright drives his story forward at a furious yet skillfully controlled pace. The full drama is unfolded in just about two weeks. on that point is first of all the prophetic killing of a rat in the room where Bigger, his mother, his sister and his brother live in quarreling, desperat e squalor.Then Bigger, who has a giving name as a braggart living by shady devices, goes out to meet the poolroom gang environment provides. He plans a hold-up he is timid to carry out. To hide his cowardice he terrorizes one of his friends.You call for his character. That is the point. Wright is champion of a race, not defender of an individual wrongdoer. Bigger gets a job as chauffeur in the house of Mr. Dalton, who is a philanthropist toward Negroes and owner of many Negro tenements. Mary Dalton, the daughter of the house, and her friend Jan, a supernally noble radical, make him jollify with them. Through an accident, Bigger kills Mary Dalton.That is the first murder. There is a gruesome dismemberment to hide the crime. Bigger thinks of demanding money, and makes his girl, Bessie, help him. His crime is discovered. After that there is the flight, the fleck murder, deliberate and brutal, the manhunt spreading terror over the whole South Side, then the spectacular capture and the day of reckoning in court for all concerned.Apart from the ideas that elapse it volume, force and scope, Native Son has some magnificently realized scenes in the early part, where Bigger, a stranger and afraid, as Houseman said, in a earthly concern he never made, gropes for freedom from the walls that hold him in the flight across the roofs and the stand high over the world, in the jail where processions of people come to see him, at the inquest and in the howling mob outside the court.The measure in which it shakes a community is the measure of its effectiveness.

Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Introduction This chapter indicates the ideas, overly the history, relevant to the experiment to provide information and further elaborate different standpoints that were the invention of the proposed study, also on the background study of the different methods and concepts utilise by other(a) researchers that applies to the present study. In disposition to develop rising method and procedures, narrow review of literature and studies must be d hotshot for the development of the study.The main purpose of this chapter is to identify and review theories on travel engine and to identify the deficiencies of those theories. link Literature In general usage, the term travel is the invisible vapor into which weewee is converted when it boils. On the contrary, it is the cloud of water droplets formed by the partial derivative condensation of this vapor as it is cooled. 1 Steam is the technical term for water vapor, the gaseous pha se of water. Since it is a vapor, it is logical that the density of locomote is ofttimes slight than that of water because the steamer molecules are further apart from one some other.The space immediately above the water surface thus becomes filled with less dense steam molecules. Water vapor that includes water droplets is described as wet steam. As wet steam is heating systemed further, the droplets evaporate, and at a ut roughly enough temperature (which depends on the pressure) each of the water evaporates and the system is in vapor-liquid equilibrium. 2 Steam has m some(prenominal) uses. In agriculture, it is used for soil sterilization to avoid the use of stabbing chemical agents and increase soil health. The steam is used to sterilize the soil in open fields and/or greenhouses.Pests of plant cultures such as weeds, bacteria, fungus kingdom and viruses are killed through induced hot steam which causes their cell structure to physically degenerate. Biologically, the method is considered a partial disinfection. It also has a large parcel of making our lives better at home for cooking vegetables, steam cleaning of fabric and carpets, and heating buildings. In each case, water is heated in a kettle, and the steam carries the energy to a target object. While just about 90% of all electric automobileity is generated using steam as the behaveing fluid, nearly all by steam turbines. 3 In electric generation, steam is typically condensed at the end of its expansion cycle, and returned to the boiler for re-use. How incessantly in cogeneration, steam is piped into buildings through a district heating system to provide heat energy after its use in the electric generation cycle. The worlds biggest steam generation system is the peeled York City steam system which pumps steam into 100,000 buildings in Manhattan from seven cogeneration plants. 4 In other industrial applications steam is used for energy storage, which is introduced and extracted by heat transfer, normally through pipes.Steam is a capacious reservoir for thermal energy because of waters risque heat of vaporization. Steam is also an effective lifting gas, providing approximately 60% as a great deal lift as helium and twice as some(prenominal) as hot air. It is not flammable, unlike hydrogen, and is cheap and abundant, unlike helium. The required heat, however, leads to condensation problems and requires an insulated envelope. at that place are many examples in which steam is used. It is used for piping in utility lines. It is also used in jacketing and tracing of piping to maintain the invariant temperature in pipelines and vessels.Steam is used in the put to work of wood bending, killing insects and increasing plasticity. An autoclave, which uses steam under pressure, is used in microbiology laboratories and same environments for sterilization. Steam is used to accent drying especially in prefabricates. It is also used in cleaning of fibers, sometimes prior to painting. Other examples are already mentioned while tackling steams uses. disrespect of all its uses, steam can also be dangerous. A steam explosion is formed when water comes to contact in contact with a rattling hot substance (e. . , lava, molten metal). These explosions have been responsible for many foundry accidents. A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanistic work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are external combustion engines. 5 where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar cause, nuclear power or geothermal energy whitethorn be used. Water turns to steam in a boiler and reaches a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done.The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed, and it is pumped back into the boiler. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. This cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world. (see fig. 1)6 Some practical steam engines discard the low-pressure steam preferably of condensing it for reuse. Fig. 1 The Rankine cycle There are two fundamental components of a steam plant the boiler or steam generator, and the motor whole, referred to itself as a steam engine.Stationary steam engines in fixed buildings may have the two parts in separate buildings some standoffishness apart. For portable or mobile use, such as steam locomotives, the two are mounted together. Other components are often present pumps (such as an injector) to fork out water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recoer the latent heat of vaporization, and super heaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapor point, and various mechanisms to increase the skeleton for fireboxes.When coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the arouse from a gener ate bin (bunker) to the firebox. The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burn combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion sleeping room, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a nuclear reactor or geothermal energy.While boilers are pressure vessels that deliver water to be boiled and some kind of mechanism for transferring the heat to the water so as to boil it. A motor unit takes a supply of steam at high pressure and temperature and gives out a supply of steam at lower pressure and temperature, using as much of the difference in steam energy as possible to do mechanical work. A motor unit is often called steam engine in its own right. They will also operate on compressed air or other gas. Steam engine has its own advantages especially to our present world.The strength of the steam engine for modern purposes is in its ability to convert heat from almost any source into mechanical work, unlike the internal combustion engine. Steam locomotives are especially advantageous at high elevations as they are not adversely impact by the lower atmospheric pressure. This was inadvertently disc everywhereed when steam locomotives operated at high altitudes in the mountains of South America were replaced by diesel-electric units of same sea level power. These were quickly replaced by much more powerful locomotives capable of producing sufficient power at high altitude.For road vehicles, steam propulsion has the advantage of having high torque from stationary, removing the invite for a clutch and transmission, though start-up time and sufficiently compact packaging remain a problem. Steam Engines now applied to many useful things. Very low power engines are used to power simulates and toys, and specialty applications such as the steam clock. Winding engines, rolling mill engines, steam donkeys (See figure 2) 7, marine engin es, and similar applications which need to frequently stop and reverse. Engines providing power, which rarely stop and do not need to reverse.These include engines used in thermal power stations and those that were used in pumping stations, mills, factories and to power cable railways and cable tramways before the widespread use of electric power. Fig. 2 Steam donkey Steam engines have been used to power a wide array of transport appliances. Examples are steamboat, steamship, steam yacht, steam locomotive, fireless locomotive, clutches engine, steam tractor, steam wagon, steam bus, steam tricycle, steam car, steam roller, steam shovel, steam tank (tracked), steam tank (wheeled), steam catapult, even steam rocket.The Corliss steam engine, a four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves, was called the most significant advance in the steam engine since throng Watt. In addition to using 30% less steam it provided more uniform speed, making is well sui ted to manufacturing, especially cotton spinning. 8 On another hand, in Ancient Greece when girls were not at school and boys were not working, they played ball games with inflated pigs bladders. Roman children played with wooden or clay dolls and hoops. Toys changed little through the centuries. In the 16th century children appease layed with wooden dolls. Before the 20th century, children had few toys and those they did have were precious. Furthermore, children did not have much time to play. Only a minority went to school plainly most children were expected to help their parents doing simple jobs around the house or in the fields. Egyptian children played similar games to the ones children play today. They also played with toys like dolls, toy soldiers, wooden animals, ball, marbles, spinning tops and knucklebones (which were thrown like dice). In the nineteenth century, middle class girls played with wood or porcelain dolls.They also had doll houses, model shops and skipping r opes. Boys played with toys like marbles and toy soldiers as well as toy trains. (Some toy trains had working engines fuelled by methyl radicalated spirits). They also played with toy boats. During World War II most toy factories were turned over to war production. moreover in the late 20th century with the arrival of an affluent society plastic and metal toys became much cheaper and much more common. legion(predicate) new toys were invented in the 20th century. A model car or toy is a miniature representation of an automobile.Other miniature motor vehicles such as trucks, buses, or even ATVs, etc. , are often included in the general category of model cars. Because many were originally sold as playthings, in that respect is no precise difference between a model car and a toy car, yet the collector hobby became popular in the 1960s and precision detailed miniatures do specifically for adults are an increasing part of the market. Toys as a big business did not begin until after t he 1830s, when steamboats and steam trains improved the transportation and distribution of manufactured goods.Early toymakers used wood, tin, or cast iron to fashion horses, soldiers, wagons, and other simple toys. Miniature models of automobiles first appeared as sound cast plaster or iron toys do in the early decades of the 1900s. Tin and pressed steel cars, trucks, and military vehicles followed in the 1930s and 1940s. Casting vehicles in various alloys, usually zinc (called zamac or mazac), also started during these decades and came on strong particularly after World War II. Post war, the zinc alloy vehicles became ever more popular in Europe in particular.While die-cast metal cars were either large scale collectors type or smaller consumer Matchbox type-toys are made of metal and plastic, the metal used commonly is Zamak (or Mazak), an alloy of zinc and aluminum9, these were seen in America and they were often simple, while plastics also surged and became prominent. Tin and p ressed steel came to Japan, sort of late, during the 1950s and 1960s, and that country quickly moved into die-cast by the 1970s. Today, China, and other countries of Southeast Asia are the main producers of die-cast metal European, American, and Japanese companies. 10 galore(postnominal) model cars were not intended either for toys or for collecting. As early as the 1930s and perhaps earlier, the manufacturers of actually automobiles would design and construct scale and full-sized models to plan new products or promote the company. Sometimes styling or concept models were made out of wood or clay. Models could also be precise replicas crafted out of the same materials as the real vehicle. As time went by, some companies even made their own models or toys attracting the next generation to their products.plate miniatures were actually made for children and for them to have an idea on how to make better miniatures or design, the researcher can make use of plastic, die-cast metal, re sin, and even wood. What ever materials are used, the finished product would be a success if a great idea or design was made. By the mid-1960s, plastic model kits had become more plentiful and varied with increased level of detail. Typically, the kits often had opening hoods, separate engines and detailed suspension parts. The mid-1960s is generally considered the golden age of plastic model car kits.In addition to building them stock, most annual kits offered 3-in-1 versions which allowed the builder to assemble the car in stock, custom, or racing form. Interest in model car kits began to wane in the mid-1970s as a result of builders growing older and moving on to their pursuits. New model specific magazines sprang up, such as Scale Auto Enthusiast, (now simply Scale Auto) and Model Cars Magazine. These magazines spread the word, helped advertisers, and brought modelers together from all across the country. Today, many of the classic models from the golden age of modeling have been reissued.Not only does this allow modelers to build the cars the endlessly wanted (but couldnt obtain or afford), but it tends to lower the prices of the originals. In some cases, models of cars from the 1950s and 1960s have been issued with all-new tooling, which allows for even more detailing made possible with modern kit design and manufacturing methods. Today, model car companies are still in business, fueled by a renewed interest in model car building and collecting. Modelers today can make advantage of modern technology, which includes photo etched details, dhesive chrome foil for chrome trim, wiring for engine, and billet-aluminum parts. Many builders today can take a basic kit and detail it so it resembles a real car, in miniature. The internet has also fueled a growing modeling community through websites, online forums and bulletin boards, and sites that host photographs, allowing the hobby to expand internationally. Related Studies When referring to technology today, man y people automatically think that the referral is in regards to computers, the Internet and Information Technology.Technology such as steam locomotion, the creation of the printing press and space travel, are all considered major forms of technology that have affected society and culture throughout history. All these technologies have huge impacts on society and culture. In considering the fact that shortly before the steam engine was invented, the favored mode of travel was horse and buggy. The advantages brought by the steam engine immediately became apparent. Those advantages were not only gettable to individuals wishing for travel, but the transportation of goods to the marketplace had plausibly even more impact.Steam engine technology became a very important cog in the societal wheel of progress, moving passengers and cargo quickly and expeditiously throughout the world, especially in Europe. Towns near railway stations quickly grew as people and companies wished to be near the easy side. The effect then of steam engine technology was to bring great distances much closer together while at the same time making goods and services more available and less expensive. Though other forms of transportation now overshadow steam locomotion it still has much influence over citizens lives.Sometimes the impact can be negative, especially as the railroad grew more aged and brittle. Steam has been used for jut outs like steam airships. According to Thomas J. Goodey, The idea of using steam (H2O in its vapor phase) as LTA lift gas either for a balloon or an airship has been suggested many times. These suggestions all appear to have remained merely theoretical, although some(prenominal) were quite detailed. It appears that no full-scale trials, or even experiments, have ever been performed. Yet the idea of using steam as lift gas is attractive, although at that place are some obvious difficulties. 11 Obviously the non-rigid steam airship does not have the potentia l to displace the helium airship in every application. However the researcher thought that it will have its niche. Specifically, the researcher thought that a steam airship would be able to satisfy the demands that hot-air airships try to satisfy but fail. The project though did not succeed. The low cost and the convenience in ground handling of a Steam Airship will, in this restricted operable context, more than compensate for its deficiencies. The theme of researchers then tried to find another external site where steam is being used to make something work.And we found this project wherein it shows how steam engine is constructed. Quoted from the project, From the Research and development perspective, I have done much research on the topic of Flash Steam Engines and have seen applications where moment boilers power live steam engines. But these devices are not flash steam engines. Since the steam does not actually flash in the engines combustion chamber (or cylinder). Instead t he steam will flash in the boiler device and reaches the engine as common live steam. Hence thither is no real innovation in these devices. And quite frankly a live steam engine leaves much to be desired.In terms of efficiency and operating characteristics, many things may be improved in the way of valve gear. But in the end all you have is a live steam. 12 The researcher of that project also gave recommendations and gave strain to things that should be remembered. Direct Injection is the preferred method used to run these types of engines. The DI valve thats used in the applications features a variable lift mechanism, this is necessary in order to throttle such engines. Initially very high pressure and or supercritical steam/water were injected into the engines. This did in fact work, but is not considered exploiter friendly.High pressures are still used for the injected water, such as 2000psi hydrostatic pressure, derived from a pump, this is needed to maintain high rpm engine speed, the injected water does not contain super-critical energies, but is heated somewhat, such as to 400f. 13 Another project said that if wood will be used as the major component, it should be noted that even if a boiler is built, the engine probably wouldnt work well. In the presence of steam the wood would swell and warp causing problems. A simple solution to this problem would be to replace the wood parts with aluminum ones. 14Over the years, steam locomotives have become a very popular discover in representation of trains. Many toy trains based on steam locomotives are made, thereby making the image iconic with trains to children. Steam Engines are still around, and they are in wide use, but most take the form of the steam turbine engine. The steam turbine is responsible for generating about 86% of the electric power used on this planet. That probably is a qualifier for current use. Steam engines, either the piston or turbine type, are used on most big ships, and there are s till a few steam locomotives about. 15As for toy cars, they continue to evolve in many ways, from battery powered, to ones that use renewable energy, such as solar, water. Synthesis In this chapter, it has been discussed on how steam engines work, including the many fundamental methods used. It discussed what steam is and how it became very useful to our society today. It defined steam engine. It is also stated in this chapter different advantage and disadvantages of steam engine, how it is being done and its different applications. It discussed the history of toys, how it emerged from wooden dolls to our present high-technology dolls, toy cars, etc.Lastly, the chapter also summarizes all of the studies and findings of different researchers regarding steam and steam engines. Definition of Terms Aluminum. Aluminium or aluminum (US side of meat) is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical cistrons. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic subroutine is 13. It is not solubl e in water under normal circumstances. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earths crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earths solid surface.Aluminium metal is too reactive chemically to occur natively. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. 4 The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Atmospheric pressure. It is the fury per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in Earths atmosphere. Boiler. It is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exists the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. Electricity. It is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.Fuel. Is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Heat. In physics and thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. Helium. Helium is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight of 4. 002602, which is represented by the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table.Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. It is the second lightest element and is the second most abundant element in the observable universe Internal combustion engine. It is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and pressure gas produced by combustion applies direct impel to some component of the engine, such as pistons, tu rbine blades, or a nozzle. Locomotive.It is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. It was first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines. Machine. It manages power to accomplish a task. In common usage, the meaning is that of a device having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work. Methylated spirits. It is a mixture of Ethyl alcohol (95%) and methyl alcohol (5%). The methyl alcohol is poisonous and is added to prevent the methylated spirits being used as cheap drinking alcohol. Miniature. It is a model, copy, or similar representation on a very small scale.Model car. Also referred to as toy car. It is a miniature representation of an automobile. Pipe. It is a tubular variance or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders, masses of small solids. Piston. It is a componen t of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas, compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod.In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder wall. Pressure. It is an effect that occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Rankine Cycle. It is a cycle that converts heat into work wherein the heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water.This cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world, including virtually all solar thermal, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants. It is named after William John Macq uorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath. The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine. Steam. It is the technical term for water vapor, the gaseous phase of water, which is formed when water boils. In common diction it is often used to refer to the visible mist of water droplets formed as this water vapor condenses in the presence of cooler air. Steam boat.It is also called, steamship or steamer. It is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. Steam donkey. Steam donkey, or donkey engine is the common nickname for a steam-powered winch, or logging engine widely used in past logging operations, though not limited to logging. They were also found in the mining, maritime, and nearly any other industry that needed a powered winch. Steam engine. Is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are typically external combustion engines.Steam Locomotive. It is a locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. The locomotive is usually fueled by a coal, wood, or oil. This fuel is burned to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine. Both fuel and water supplies are carried with the locomotive itself or in wagons pulled behind. Steam turbine engine. It is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into circuit motion. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884. Toy train. It is a toy that represents a train.A toy train can be as simple as a pull toy that does not even run on track, or it might be operated by clockwork or a battery. Turbine. It is a rophy engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Valve. It is a device that regulates, directs, or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Wa ter. It is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Zamak.Is a family of alloys with a base metal of zinc and alloying elements of aluminum, magnesium, and copper. The name zamak is an acronym of the German names for the metals of which the alloys are composed (zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and copper). Notes 1 Noah Webster, The New Websters Dictionary of the English lecture, Lexicon Publications, Inc. , 2004, ISBN 0-7172-4692-2 2 Singh, R Paul, Introduction to Food Engineering. , 2001 Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-646384-2. 3 Wiser, Wendell H. Energy resources occurrence, production, conversion, use. , 2000 Birkhauser. p. 190. ISBN 9780387987446. Carl Bevelhymer, Steam, Gotham Gazette, November 10, 2003 5 American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition ed. ). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 6 Wiser, Wendell H. Energy resources occurrence, production, conversion, use. , 200 0 Birkhauser. p. 190. ISBN 9780387987446. 7 December 12, 2011, 1st paragraph http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Steam_donkey 8 Thomson, Ross Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age Technological Invention in the United Sates 1790-1865, 2009. Baltimore, MD The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 34. ISBN 13978-0-8018-9141-0. http//www. ehow. com/how_6319749_make-diecast-model-car-kits. html 10 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Model_car 11 http//www. flyingkettle. com/index. html 12 December 15, 2011, 5th paragraph, http//www. flashsteam. com/Steam_Engine_Project. htm 13 December 18, 2011, 1st paragraph, Jeremy W. Holmes, American edible corn Burner Co. Miami, FL. USA http//www. flashsteam. com/steam_proj3. htm 14 http//www. instructables. com/id/A-Simple-Steam-Engine-Anyone-Can-Build/ 15 December 17, 2011, 1st paragraph, http//wiki. answers. com/Q/Are_steam_engines_still_being_usedixzz1aGnnptps

Why Did Franklin Delano Roosevelt Win the 1932

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt win the 1932 presidential election? Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election reasons. His gross profit margin of victory over Herbert clean was the largest in recorded history up to that time. One of the foremost reasons why Roosevelt won was because people believed that he could take the States out of the Great Depression unlike Hoover. They believe he will take real action to deal with the Depression. His policies and ideals were much more popular and worthy for the situation they were in.Hoover believed in rugged individualism where people should not expect help from the government and that the government will not interfere. Whereas Roosevelt promised his New piling, which would provide jobs and relief for the poor, and the unemployed, action to help industry and agriculture and resolve the banking crisis. Roosevelt promised the government would help and starting funding charities and troopsy construction projects, whereas under Hoover the government rarely funded relief programmes or charities, which relied on generous wealthy individuals and towns and cities.He believed the power of the government should be used to create a fairer society, manner of speaking hope to many the Statesns. Also all Hoover promised in his election was that the USA had turn the corner back to prosperity whereas Hoover had his New lie with, which seemed much more promising. Also when Hoover won his first term election he said that every American would have two cars in the garage and chicken in the pot. However, many people were now unemployed and homeless. Many people did not trust Hoover or his promises.However the master(prenominal) reason that Roosevelt triumphed over Hoover would be because he was immensely popular, his public image was much better. Hoover had the image of an un warmth heartless person, whereas Roosevelt was seen as a fighter, having fought polio and running as president even though paralysed waist down. F urthermore, what he had done for the ordinary people of New York as governor added to his caring image. Hoover had taken office shortly before the Crash. Many Americans blamed him for it and not doing enough. The way they conducted their campaigns were also vital.Roosevelts smile and optimism proved far more popular with the electorate than Hoovers grim looks. Furthermore, Roosevelt got out to meet the people, toured around America far more than Hoover. People got to know him and he was willing to see to their problems. There are many images of him talking and shaking hands with ordinary people. When talking to crowds he would mention ordinary individuals he had talked to and there problems a charwoman with a baby, a miner, an old fellow This gave Roosevelt the image of someone who cares for the ordinary person, whereas Hoover didnt seem interested in his or her problems.Moreover, since Hoover believed the deliverance would eventually recover by itself, therefore not providing m uch relief, it further added to Hoovers image of being uncaring and heartless, which is unfair because he eventually did take a little actions, but definitely not enough and was not seen as the right man for the task of bringing about a recovery. A crisis invest was reached in the summer of 1932 where bonus marchers, people who fought in World War One, marched in Washington DC demanding their payment of $500.Hoover reacted badly to this, using tanks, the forces and tear gas to disperse the marchers. Two of them died. Many people did not like how Hoover treated the people who risked their lives for their country. Furthermore, Roosevelt promised to bring end to the extremely less-traveled prohibition of alcohol. People wanted a drink free and legal. People were tired of all the problems Prohibition had caused the gangsters, killings, crooked dealings by big businesses and so onOverall, Roosevelts proposed policies, optimistic attitude and smile, campaigning around the country, t alking to listening to the ordinary person and his promise to end the unpopular prohibition was more than a match for Hoovers grim looks, uncaring and heartless image, rugged individualism and the way he conducted his campaign. Hoover was not an evil man, however, he was not the right man to lead America and the world through the Great Depression. Roosevelt was extremely popular, had a great public image and relationship, and seen as the only person who could lead America out of the Depression.

Parody Through Counter Examples Essay

Counter examples argon used th rawout this play, and is a key role in the parody of the play. On both male and female sides of the dynamics in the play the first one is right from the start. the streets are absolutely clogged with frantic females banging on tambourines. No urging for an orgy (727) In the Classical Age of Athens upperclass wo custody assumed the role of a housewife, where their duties were to either clean up the house or channelize the slaves of the house to do it for them. It was un listend of for women to be out in the streets like this period much less at night. The women of Athens formed together to bandage against the men to bring them home from the war. As the women were gathering to plan against the men, Lysistrata said, Im on fire right down to the bone. Im positively ashamed to be a womana member of a sex which cant even live up to male slanders To hear our husbands talk, were sly deceitful, always plotting, monsters of intrigue(728) this citation makes me laugh, because while she is saying this her and multiple women are plotting a way to get back at the men.This bring up plays off the classify that a woman is always out to make a mans life miserable in e verything they do, but this is exactly the thing they are trying to do. While the women are out in the streets they continue to show how ridiculous they are when they are complaining on how much they do for their men. This quote by Kleonike is a prime example, Theyll be here. You k no a womans way is hard mainly the way out of the house snow flurry over hubby, wake the maid up, put the baby down, bathe him, feed him (728) Kleonike goes on and on virtually how much work they have to do, but she mentions that she gets up the maid, which does the work for her. This quote plays of the stereotype that women do a lot of house work, but in the play they have maids so obviously they are not doing too much.Counter examples are a huge part of the parody that is within the play, all of my previous quotes had stereotypes in them, but they all counter themselves. acts are still very popular today, for example the movie Space Balls which is a parody of Star Wars. Space Balls makes fun of everything that is taken very seriously in Star Wars, which gives the movie that comedy feel a parody comes with.Throughout the play, parody is proven in both the men and the women. The stereotype that men are strong and tough is presented towards the beginning of the play at the gates of the treasury. Never been confronted with such backtalk. Cant allow it. Somebody pick up a log and pulverize that brass. (740) Immediately following this the men are easily silence by nothing more than a bunch of women carrying water. These rough and tough men seen in the previous quote were defeated by nothing more than water. Shivering, the CHORUS OF MEN retreats in utter defeat (742) afterwards the mens defeat they run away to the Commissioner, and he is sent home packing after several attempts to out man Lysistrata. Gross ineptitude. A sorry day for the Force.(745) This also relates to a parody in our modern day times with our own military. I here people complain about so many things our military does and stands for, yet the majority of the people criticizing are too afraid to join the military to begin with. So this manly stereotype applies to modern times as well, men are quick to jump up to fight someone, but do they go done with it most of time, no.This quick battle also shows how brutal these Athenian women are, when women of the classical age were to moreover be seen not heard. Women were used as trophies most of the time, to be seen only and never heard. In this quote you get a typical stereotype of the women of this time, Glamor is our only talent. All we can do is sit, primped and painted made up and dressed up, (729). Women were never known to be violent, but in this quick battle with the men and the commissioner we see how brutal these women are, INTO THE FRAY Show them no favor Push Jostle Shove Call them nasty names Dont be lady like(745) In no way, form, or elbow room are these ladies being lady like in this scene, which is another perfect example of parody runs wild throughout this play making it out to be the comedy it was made to be.All of these counter examples play favor to my leading argument which is the fact that the women in this play use parody the most through abstinence by withholding sex. This is the biggest parody of them all. This play revolves around sex, but the whole goal of the womens tactics is to refrain from it. Its easy to see with my following examples that this play uses parody around every turn. The parody in this play does not come without a type of counter example of a stereotype that is either assumed or given throughout the play. In this time frame, women would have never been allowed to do this. If you can put your mindset in the classical age of Athens its easy to see how funny and how much parody is a ctually used.

The Da Vinci Code PROLOGUE

Louvre Mexercisingum, Paris 1046 P. M. celebrated curator Jacques Sauniere staggered through the vaulted archway of the museums Grand Gallery. He lunged for the ne best painting he could see, a Caravaggio. Grabbing the gilded frame, the seventy-six-year-old humanity heaved the masterpiece toward himself until it tore from the wall and Sauniere collapsed backward in a heap beneath the canvas.As he had anticipated, a thundering iron gate fell nearby, barricading the entrance to the suite. The parquet spirit level shook. Far off, an alarm began to ring.The curator lay a moment, gasping for breath, taking stock. I am still alive.He crawled surface from under the canvas and scanned the cavernous space for someplace to hide.A voice spoke, chillingly close. Do non move.On his hands and knees, the curator froze, turning his head slowly.Only fifteen feet away, outside the sealed gate, the mountainous silhouette of his attacker stared through the iron bars. He was broad and tall, with gho st-pale skin and thinning white hair. His irises were pink with blueish red pupils. The albino drew a pistol from his coat and aimed the barrel through the bars, directly at the curator. You should non have run. His accent was not easy to place. Now tell me where it is.I told you already, the curator stammered, kneeling naked on the floor of the gallery. I have no idea what you are talking aboutYou are lying. The man stared at him, perfectly immobile except for the glint in his ghostly eyes. You and your brethren possess something that is not yours.The curator felt a surge of adrenaline. How could he possibly know this?Tonight the rightful guardians allow for be restored. Tell me where it is hidden, and you will live. The man leveled his gun at the curators head. Is it a secret you will give way for?Sauniere could not breathe.The man tilted his head, peering protrude the barrel of his gun.Sauniere held up his hands in defense. Wait, he give tongue to slowly. I will tell you w hat you need to know. The curator spoke his next words carefully. The lie he told was wizard he had rehearsed many clips each time praying he would never have to use it.When the curator had finished speaking, his assailant smiled smugly. Yes. This is exactly what the others told me.Sauniere recoiled. The others?I found them, too, the huge man taunted. All tierce of them. They confirmed what you have just said.It cannot be The curators true identity, along with the identities of his three senechaux, was almost as inspirational as the ancient secret they protected. Sauniere now realized his senechaux, following strict procedure, had told the same lie before their declare deaths. It was part of the protocol.The attacker aimed his gun again. When you are gone, I will be the only one who knows the truth.The truth.In an instant, the curator grasped the true horror of the situation. If I die, the truth will be lost forever.Instinctively, he essay to scramble for cover.The gun roared , and the curator felt a searing heat as the bullet lodged in his tum. He fell forward struggling against the pain. Slowly, Sauniere rolled over and stared back through the bars at his attacker.The man was now taking dead aim at Saunieres head.Sauniere closed his eyes, his thoughts a swirling tempest of fear and regret. The tick off of an empty chamber echoed through the corridor. The curators eyes flew open.The man glanced down at his weapon, looking almost amused. He reached for a guerrilla clip, but then seemed to reconsider, smirking calmly at Saunieres gut. My work here is done.The curator looked down and saw the bullet hole in his white linen shirt. It was framed by a undersize circle of blood a few inches below his breastbone. My stomach.Almost cruelly, the bullet had missed his heart. As a antique of la Guerre dAlgerie, the curator had witnessed this horribly drawn-out death before. For fifteen minutes, he would survive as his stomach acids seeped into his chest cavity, slowly poisoning him from within.Pain is good, monsieur, the man said. Then he was gone. Alone now, Jacques Sauniere turned his see again to the iron gate. He was trapped, and the doors could not be reopened for at least twenty minutes. By the time anyone got to him, he would be dead. Even so, the fear that now gripped him was a fear far greater than that of his own death.I must pass on the secret.Staggering to his feet, he pictured his three murdered brethren. He thought of the generations who had come before them of the mission with which they had all been entrusted.An unbroken chain of knowledge.Suddenly, now, condescension all the precautions despite all the fail-safes Jacques Sauniere was the only remaining link, the sole guardian of one of the most powerful secrets ever kept.Shivering, he pulled himself to his feet.I must find some way .He was trapped inside the Grand Gallery, and there existed only one person on earth to whom he could pass the torch. Sauniere gazed up at the walls of his golden prison. A collection of the worlds most famous paintings seemed to smile down on him like old friends.Wincing in pain, he summoned all of his faculties and strength. The desperate task before him, he knew, would require every remaining second of his life.

Apple Introduction: Iphone, Ipad and the Company Essay

Apple Inc. (Apple), incorporated on January 3, 1977, de signboards, manufactures and grocery stores mobile communication and media thingamajigs, personal computers, and movable digital music players, and sells a transition of related parcel, function, peripherals, entanglementing solutions, and tertiary-party digital content and finishs. The friendships products and services include iPh whizz, iPad, mac, iPod, Apple TV, a portfolio of consumer and professed(prenominal) softwargon applications, the iOS and OS X operating(a) establishments, iCloud, and a variety of admissionory, service and yield offerings. The alliance besides sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes introduce, App StoreSM, iBookstoreSM, and macintosh App Store. The go with sells its products oecumenical through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added re sellers. In February 2012, the companion acquired app-search engine Chomp.See more how to write an introduction paragraph for an essayThe Company offers a range of mobile communication and media devices, personal computing products, and portable digital music players, as well as a variety of related softwargon system product, services, peripherals, networking solutions and third-party hardware and software products. In addition, the Company offers its accept software products, including iOS, the Companys mobile operating system OS X, the Companys mack operating system and server and application software. The Companys primary products include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, iTunes, Mac App Store, iCloud, operating(a) System Software, Application Software and new(prenominal) Application Software.iPhoneiPhone combines a mobile phone, an iPod, and an Internet communications device in a single handheld product. Based on the Companys Multi-Touch user interface, iPhone features desktop-class email, mesh browsing, searching, and maps and is compatible with both Mac and Windows- ground computers. iPhone automatically syncs content from users iTunes libraries, as well as contacts, bookmarks, and email accounts. iPhone allows customers to access the iTunes Store to d haveload audio and video files, as well as a variety of some new(prenominal) digital content and applications. In September 2012, the Company dismissed iPhone 5, its latest version of iPhone. In addition to the Companys own iPhone accessories, third-party iPhone compatible accessories are available through the Companys online and retail stores and from third parties.iPadiPad is a multi-purpose mobile device for browsing the Web, reading and sending email, viewing vulner aptitudes, watching videos, listening to music, play games, reading e-books and more. iPad is based on the Companys Multi-Touch technology and allows customers to connect with their applications and content in a more interactive way. iPad allows customers to access the iTunes Store to download audio and video files, as well as a variety of opposite digital content and applications. In March 2012, the Company launched the iPad, its third coevals iPad, and in October 2012, the Company announced its fourth generation iPad and iPad mini. In addition to the Companys own iPad accessories, third-party iPad compatible accessories are available through the Companys online and retail stores and from third parties.MacThe Company offers a range of personal computing products, including desktop and portable computers, related devices and peripherals, and third-party hardware products. The Companys Mac desktop and portable systems feature Intel micro solveors, the OS X operating system and the iLife suite of software for creation and management of digital photography, music, movies, DVDs and Websites. The Companys desktop computers include iMac, Mac Pro and Mac mini. The Companys portable computers include MacBook Pro and MacBo ok Air.iPodThe Companys iPod line of portable digital music and media players includes iPod touch, iPod nano, iPod shuffle and iPod classic. All iPods work with iTunes. In addition to the Companys own iPod accessories, third-party iPod-compatible accessories are available through the Companys online and retail stores and from third parties. The iPod touch, based on iOS, is a flash-memory-based iPod with a widescreen Retina display, a Multi-Touch user interface, and built-in iSight camera. iPod touch allows customers to access the iTunes Store to download audio and video content, as well as a variety of digital applications.The iPod nano is a flash-memory-based iPod that features the Companys Multi-Touch interface allowing customers to travel their music collection by tapping or swiping the display and built-in Bluetooth for wireless listening. The iPod shuffle is a flash-memory- based iPod that features a clickable control pad to control music playback and VoiceOver technology enab ling customers to hear song titles, artists and play list names. The iPod classic is a hard-drive based portable digital music and video player.iTunesiTunes is an application that supports the purchase, download, organization and playback of digital audio and video files and is available for both Mac and Windows-based computers. iTunes features integration with iCloud, AirPlay wireless music playback, Genius Mixes, spot Sharing, and syncing functionality with iOS devices. iTunes is integrated with the iTunes Store, a service that allows customers to discover, purchase, rent, and download digital content and applications.The iTunes Store includes the App Store and iBookstore.Mac App StoreThe Mac App Store allows customers to discover, download and install Mac applications. The Mac App Store offers applications in education, games, graphics and intent, lifestyle, productiveness, utilities and other categories. The Companys OS X operating system software and its iLife, iWork and oth er application software titles are also available on the Mac App Store.iCloudiCloud is the Companys cloud service, which stores music, photos, applications, contacts, calendars, and documents and wirelessly pushes them to multiple iOS devices, Mac and Windows-based computers. iClouds features include iTunes in the Cloud, Photo Stream, Documents in the Cloud, Contacts, Calendar, Mail, automatic downloads and purchase history for applications and iBooks, and iCloud Backup. Users cigarette sign up for free access to iCloud using a device running qualifying versions of iOS or OS X.Software Products and Operating System SoftwareThe Company offers a range of software products for consumers and for SMB, education, enterprise and government customers, including the Companys iOS and OS X operating system software server software professional application software and consumer, education, and business oriented application software. iOS is the Companys mobile operating system that serves as t he foundation for iOS devices. iOS supports iCloud and includes features, such as Notification Center, a way to view and manage notifications in one place iMessage, a messaging service that allows users to send text messages, photos and videos between iOS devices, and Maps, with turn-by-turn navigation. iOS supports Siri, a juncture activated intelligent assistant, which is available on qualifying iOS devices. OS X, the Companys Mac operating system, is built on an open-source UNIX-based foundation.Application SoftwareiLife is the Companys consumer-oriented digital lifestyle application suite included with all Mac computers. iLife features iPhoto, iMovie, iDigital Versatile Disc (DVD), GarageBand and iWeb. iPhoto is the Companys consumer-oriented digital photo application and iMovie is the Companys consumer-oriented digital video editing software application. iDVD is the Companys consumer-oriented software application that enables customers to turn iMovie files, QuickTime files, an d digital pictures into interactive DVDs. GarageBand is the Companys consumer-oriented music creation application that allows customers to play, render and create music. iWeb allows customers to create online photo albums, blogs and podcasts, and to customize websites using editing tools.iWork is the Companys integrated productivity suite designed to help users create, present, and publish documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. iWork includes Pages for word processing and page layout, Keynote for presentations, and Numbers for spreadsheets. The Company also has a Multi-Touch version of each iWork application designed specifically for use on iOS devices.Other Application SoftwareThe Company also sells various other application software, including Final Cut Pro, logic Studio, Logic Pro, and its FileMaker Pro database software. The Company manufactures the Apple LED Cinema Display and Thunderbolt Display. The Company also sells a range of Apple-branded and third-party Mac-compat ible and iOS-compatible peripheral products, including printers, storage devices, computer memory, digital video and still cameras, and various other computing products and supplies. Apple TV allows customers to watch movies and television shows on their high definition television. Content from iTunes, Netflix, YouTube, and Flickr, as well as music, photos, videos, and podcasts from a Mac or Windows-based computer can also be wirelessly streamed to a television through Apple TV.Strategy Implementation in Apple IncApple Inc. Is arguably one of the most successful companies in the world, enjoying one of the most visible brand names in the world. Its launch of new products is usually waited with heightened anticipation by consumers around the world, and its financial deed has been exemplary. This success can be attributed to two main genes the visionary leadership offered by its immediate former chief executive Steve affair and the strategic goal of emphasizing on design and the wil lingness to develop new products by taking stake of developing new products for the market.The strategic goal of developing new products, while at the same date emphasizing on design, has been successful because it has utilized the components of strategic murder. The allocation of resources by the company in the developing of new products has been substantial, and more often in well thought and planned processes. The financial resources focused on the evolution of new products with new and superior designs can be said to follow Sun Tzus strategic principles of knowing oneself and knowing the enemy, who in this case would be the competitors. Apple Inc., by utilizing the superior capabilities in its possession, has been able to develop products superior to those developed by its competitors and thus acquiring a valuable market segment.The institution of best practices for continuous development has seen Apple Inc. Develop some of the best practices in design in the industry. The role standards in Apple are some of the best, and the design teams in the company are reputed to put in some extreme efforts to ensure that the products developed are of the best standard possible. tying rewards to the achievement of key strategic goals can also be said to be a factor in the success of the design strategy of the company. The remuneration process of offering bonuses at the good performance of the company can be said to be a motivation to the employees of the company to develop develop performing products.Since Steve Jobs joined the company in 1998, the company has been growing in leaps and bounds simply because of the expression of a capable organization by focusing on the areas of improvement. The company has been able to make a focus on the development of new products of superior design to those of competitors, and has improved continuously on these products. Steve Jobs can be compared to the military genius with all the traits developed by Clausewitz intellect , courage to develop new products for the market, ability to adapt to changes and strength of character. These traits of the chief can be said to have contributed to the strategic success of the company.The support systems employed in Apple Inc are some of the best, and the company being in the electronics and telecommunications business has seen to it that their implementation is well carried out. The company has numerous operation centres spread across the globe and despite this the working towards the development and production of new products seems seamless because of this excellent support system utilised by the companys employees. Communication between the layers of operations of the company is seamless, and no time and resources are wasted on the process of communicating decisions and feedback between the hierarchical levels of the company. This can be likened to Sun Tzus advocacy for speed in battle good support systems offer an opportunity for fast and efficient decision ma king which finally leads to corporate success.The policies of the company that have been established in the recent past indicate their supportiveness to the strategy of developing new products superior in design, one of the eight components of implementing strategy. The outsourcing of production of apple products to China can be used as an example of this, with the goal of reducing production costs while maintaining the high quality of the products.